Sunday, April 29, 2012

Akhrot Murgh


Ingredients
Walnuts,blanched , peeled and powdered1/2 cup
Boneless chicken,1/2 inch pieces400 grams
Ginger paste1 tablespoon
Garlic paste1 tablespoon
Saltto taste
Cumin powder1 teaspoon
Yogurt1/4 cup
Oil1 tablespoon
Onion ,grated1 medium
Tomato,pureed1 large
Green chillies,chopped4
Coriander powder1 teaspoon
Fresh cream2 tablespoons
Garam masala powder1/4 teaspoon
Method
Place chicken in a bowl. Add ginger paste, garlic paste, salt, half teaspoon cumin powder and yogurt and mix well. Marinate the chicken for half an hour. Heat oil in a pan, add onion and sauté till lightly browned. Add tomato puree, mix well and continue to sauté till oil separates. Add green chillies and continue to cook for two minutes. Add coriander powder, remaining cumin powder, mix well and cook for one more minute. Add the marinated chicken, mix well, cover and cook till done. Add walnuts, simmer for two to three minutes. Add fresh cream and garam masala powder and mix well and simmer for two more minutes. Serve hot. 

Aamras Ka Gosht


Ingredients
Ripe mango pulp1 cup
Mutton,1 1/2 inch pieces on the bone750 grams
Oil4 tablespoons
Onions4 medium
Almonds,blanched and peeled15
Melon seeds (magaz)2 tablespoons
Saltto taste
Ginger paste1 tablespoon
Garlic paste1 tablespoon
Turmeric powder1/4 teaspoon
Red chilli powder1 teaspoon
Green chillies5
Water1 cup
Yogurt1/2 cup
Raisins15
Garam masala powder1 teaspoon
Saffron (kesar)a few strands
Method
Heat 4 tbsps oil in a deep non stick pan. Roughly chop onions and put in a chopper and chop finely. Add to the pan and sauté till lightly browned. Grind together almonds and melon seeds with a little water, to a smooth paste. Set aside. Add mutton to the onions along with salt, ginger paste, garlic paste, mix well and sauté for 1 minute. Add turmeric powder and red chilli powder. Break green chillies and add. Mix everything well. Add 1 cup water and mix. Cover and cook for 20-25 minutes. Add almond-melon seed paste and mix. Add mango pulp and mix. Add yogurt and raisins and mix well. Add garam masala powder and saffron and mix. Cook till mutton is completely done. Serve hot. 

Kashmiri Gushtaba


Ingredients
Mutton leg,boneless and fat removed1 kilogram
Mutton fat200 gram
Oil to fry
Onion ,sliced2 medium
Green cardamom powder1 teaspoon
Saltto taste
Mutton stock4 cup
Yogurt5 cups
Clove6-8
Black cardamom1-2
Green cardamom6-8
Fennel seed (saunf) powder3 teaspoon
Dry ginger powder (soonth)3 teaspoon
Garlic paste1 1/2 tablespoon
Pure ghee4 tablespoon
Dry mint leaves1/4 teaspoon
Method
Heat sufficient oil in a kadai and deep fry the onions till brown. Cool and grind into a fine paste. Keep the mutton pieces and fat on a wooden block and pound using a wooden mallet. Preferably you should use a stone base. Add mutton fat and continue to mince. Add green cardamom powder and salt and continue to mince again. Add ice cubes so that the meat does not get heated while mincing. Add some water to ice cubes, dip your hands in it and moisten the mince with wet hands. This way you not only moisten the mince but also keep it cool. Again dip your hands in cold water and shape the mince into koftas either round or oval shaped. Cook the koftas for ten to fifteen minutes in the mutton stock. In another pan mix yogurt with half a cup of water and blend well. Keep a sieve on a pan and place a muslin cloth over it, pour the yogurt mixture and strain. Cook the strained mixture with cloves, green cardamoms, black cardamoms and salt to taste on high heat stirring continuously till the mixture changes its colour. Make a paste of fennel powder and dry ginger powder and add to the yogurt mixture. Add brown onion paste and garlic paste diluted in a little stock. Add ghee and continue to cook. Drain the koftas from the stock and add to the gravy. Do not throw away the remaining stock. You can add it to the gravy or use it for some other dish. Simmer for a while and then add crushed dried mint leaves 

Shaam Savera


Ingredients
For koftas
Fresh spinach leaves (palak)5 medium bunches
Cottage cheese (paneer),grated65 grams
Saltto taste
Green cardamom powdera pinch
Oil2 tablespoons + for deep-frying
Cumin seeds1 teaspoon
Garlic,finely chopped10-12 cloves
Green chilli,finely chopped6-7
Gram flour (besan)4 tablespoons
Turmeric powder1/4 teaspoon
Cornflour/ corn starch1/4 cup
Makhani gravy
Tomato,roughly chopped18 large
Oil2 tablespoons
Green cardamom12
Mace1/2 blade
Garlic,chopped20 cloves
Saltto taste
Red chilli powder (deghi mirch)2 1/2 teaspoons
Butter1/2 cup
Fenugreek leaves (methi),roasted and powdered2 teaspoons
Honey3 teaspoons
Fresh cream8 tablespoons
Method
Trim the spinach leaves and blanch them in eight cups of boiling water for two to three minutes. Drain and refresh under cold water. Squeeze out the excess water, cool and chop finely. Transfer into a deep bowl. In another bowl mash the paneer with a little salt and a pinch of green cardamom powder. Divide into eight equal portions and roll into balls. Heat two tablespoons oil in a non stick shallow pan, add the cumin seeds, garlic and green chillies and sauté. Add the gram flour and continue to sauté for one to two minutes. Add the turmeric powder and stir. Add the spinach and salt sauté, stirring continuously, until the mixture is dry and begins to leave the sides of the pan. Set aside to cool. Divide into eight equal portions. For the makhni gravy puree the tomatoes till smooth. Heat the oil in a deep non stick pan. Add the cardamoms and mace and sauté for one minute or till fragrant. Add the garlic and sauté for one minute. Add the tomato puree and salt and mix well. Add the red chilli powder and cook for fifteen minutes or till the raw flavour of tomatoes disappear. Add the butter and cook for some more time. Take each spinach portion, flatten it on your palm and place a paneer ball in the center. Gather the edges and shape into a ball. Spread the cornstarch in a plate and rolls the stuffed spinach balls in it. Shake off the excess. Heat sufficient oil in a kadai. Gently slide in the stuffed spinach balls, two at a time, and deep fry on low heat for two to three minutes or till golden brown. Drain on absorbent paper. Add the dried fenugreek leaves and honey to the gravy. Stir and cook for five minutes more. Add the cream and cook for two minutes more. Pour the makhni gravy into a serving bowl, halve the koftas and place on the gravy and serve immediately. 


Chef's Tip
Chef's tip: Before frying all the koftas, fry one and check if it is breaking. If it breaks, add some more sautéed gram flour to the spinach mixture and then proceed with the koftas.

Saturday, April 28, 2012

THE BENEFITS OF BEING POLITE


 We all believe in the philosophy that the essence of life is talking. Communicating with others is as necessary as food. If we don’t, we tend to fall ill. Today people are rarely talking.
 
The art of conversation has almost died down. People just usually sit and chat in their office breaks about things that are not even worth thinking about. Let’s face it; we all are going towards doom where each one of us is talking to pass/kill time. The art of using communication is no more existing. People are concerned about others influence in their lives and not about their influence in others life.
 
It is an unbelievable thing that an effective communication through polite words can have wonderful impact on you and others lives as well. You can win the hearts of many people, climb the corporate ladder, have promotions but not have wonderful relationship with people around you.
 
The path to a successful life comes thorough the stairs of politeness. An act of politeness can do wonders that no monetary thing can do. Let us go deep in the art of efficient speaking by these methods.
 

Talking about ideas and not people
It’s truly said, great minds talk about ideas and small minds talk about people. Politeness is an attitude of life. Talking about ideas heightens your politeness towards innovations and stimulates your mind too. This is effective for the speaker and the listener both. To start talking about people you can breathe out all negative energies about anyone: latest crush, which dress she wears, which perfume she uses, her bad attitude. The idea is that everything you talk about people usually comes negative. This develops a feeling of self love and comparison at all means. You do not value your life as much as you do to others.
 
Using intellect instead of the tongue
 
Usually people chatter on at length not worrying about the impact it would have on others. Since people are so occupied in themselves they’d rather talk about themselves only. This instigates them to speak rubbish endlessly. Have you ever thought how much of an impact we can have on others by our words? By trying to use our brains before speaking, we will save others sentiments and preserve a healthy relationship between our near ones.
 
Avoiding gossip
 
The one who usually starts a gossip or backbiting about someone does not know that he is the one to have the last laugh. People who start commenting and spreading rumors about others usually end up in a muck of politics and bickering about themselves from the other end. Such people should be avoided at arm’s length. Even listening to gossip is as harmful since the listener had the power to listen to negative communication. This unhealthy gossiping could have been stopped if the listener would have ignored the speaker.
 
Exchange of compliments
 
We should not limit our compliment intake be restricted to our close relatives. People like our helpers such as servants, cleaners, house maids are those on whom we can count on. Speaking politely to them will ensure that your day is made. They are the ones who offer your services to make your life comfortable. So we should make endeavors to enrich their lives by complimenting and praising them.
 
Look for positive things in negative people
 
We all have negative and positive sides. Nobody on this earth has a squeaky clean nature. We all have flaws, however some people are observed negatively by their rude behavior and we become very judgmental about them putting them in the negative category. We should understand that people who are rude have their own weaknesses. They do not choose to be like that. Frustrations at work or domestic front make them act in this behavior. Such people should be offered more help than others comparatively. Talking politely with them will make a difference in their lives and yours too.
 
Feel positive about you all the time 
 
Quite often we do not realize that we subconsciously become negative. Pent up emotions and unfulfilled desires make us behave rudely towards others and emit negative radiations from the body. Thus we tend to overreact and become rude and harsh to others in some or the other way. This might demolish the social circle that we have. So politeness in the hearts at all means will result in polite attitude.
 
Whatever is rested in your heart is bound to come out in the open some or the other day. Make sure you have a prosperous life with a polite attitude and selfless love. This will make you immortal in the hearts of millions as people are going to remember for your polite words and not by your status.
 
A photographer once clicked a photograph of ex-president of India, Dr. Kalam with a shawl placed on his shoulder. After the photo shoot was over, the photographer rudely took off the shawl and walked off. The President smiled. After being asked about his composed behaviouir, he politely answered that maybe the photographer needed the shawl more than he did, and continued his work.
 
People with big positions come and go but it is only their humble nature that draws millions of people towards them. Their polite words filled to the brim with modesty and love melt the hearts of even the rudest amongst the crowd. By talking politely to all we can make an impact on others lives.
 

Wednesday, April 18, 2012

History of Information technology in India


  • The Information technology industry in India has gained a brand identity as a knowledge economy due to its IT and ITES sector. The IT–ITES industry has two major components: IT Services and business process outsourcing (BPO).
  • India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of Tata Group in partnership with Burroughs.
  • The first software export zone SEEPZ ( Santacruz Electronics Export Processing Zone) was set up here way back in 1973, the old avatar of the modern day IT park.
  • The Indian Government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which were used in large companies and research laboratories
  • In 1968 Tata Consultancy Services—established in SEEPZ, Mumbai by the Tata Group—were the country's largest software producers during the 1960s. As an outcome of the various policies of Jawaharlal Nehru (office: 15 August 1947 – 27 May 1964) the economically beleaguered country was able to build a large scientific workforce, third in numbers only to that of the United States of America and the Soviet Union. On 18 August 1951 the minister of education Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, inaugurated the Indian Institute of Technologyat Kharagpur in West Bengal. Possibly modeled after the Massachusetts Institute of Technology these institutions were conceived by a 22 member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs under the chairmanship of N. R. Sarkar.
  • Relaxed immigration laws in the United States of America (1965) attracted a number of skilled Indian professionals aiming for research. By 1960 as many as 10,000 Indians were estimated to have settled in the US. By the 1980s a number of engineers from India were seeking employment in other countries. In response, the Indian companies realigned wages to retain their experienced staff.
  • The National Informatics Centre was established in March 1975. The inception of The Computer Maintenance Company (CMC) followed in October 1976. During 1977-1980 the country's Information Technology companies Tata Infotech, Patni Computer Systems and Wipro had become visible. The 'microchip revolution' of the 1980s had convinced both Indira Gandhi and her successor Rajiv Gandhi that electronics and telecommunications were vital to India's growth and development. MTNL underwent technological improvements. During 1986-1987, the Indian government embarked upon the creation of three wide-area computer networking schemes: INDONET (intended to serve the IBM mainframes in India), NICNET (the network for India's National Informatics Centre), and the academic research oriented Education and Research Network (ERNET).
  • Regulated VSAT links became visible in 1985. Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to relax regulations on linking in 1991. In 1991 the Department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the clients’ office.
  • Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991, the 64 kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET.
  • The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalization and international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6% annually was seen during 1993-2002. The economic reforms were driven in part by significant the internet usage in the country. The new administration under Atal Bihari Vajpayee—which placed the development of Information Technology among its top five priorities— formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development.
  • Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development:  Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The Task Force could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of state governments, central government agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of what it proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendations of international bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and World Bank. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and other nations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and government.
  • The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999 (NTP 1999) helped further liberalize India's telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act 2000 created legal procedures for electronic transactions and e-commerce.

Wednesday, April 11, 2012

TCP vs. UDP


Overview

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is the most commonly used protocol on the Internet. The reason for this is because TCP offers error correction. When the TCP protocol is used there is a "guaranteed delivery." This is due largely in part to a method called "flow control." 
Flow control determines when data needs to be re-sent, and stops the flow of data until previous packets are successfully transferred. This works because if a packet of data is sent, a collision may occur. When this happens, the client re-requests the packet from the server until the whole packet is complete and is identical to its original. 
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is anther commonly used protocol on the Internet. However, UDP is never used to send important data such as webpages, database information, etc; UDP is commonly used for streaming audio and video. Streaming media such as Windows Media audio files (.WMA) , Real Player (.RM), and others use UDP because it offers speed! The reason UDP is faster than TCP is because there is no form of flow control or error correction. The data sent over the Internet is affected by collisions, and errors will be present. Remember that UDP is only concerned with speed. This is the main reason why streaming media is not high quality.

On the contrary, UDP has been implemented among some trojan horse viruses. Hackers develop scripts and trojans to run over UDP in order to mask their activities. UDP packets are also used in DoS (Denial of Service) attacks. It is important to know the difference between TCP port 80 and UDP port 80.
Frame Structure
As data moves along a network, various attributes are added to the file to create a frame. This process is called encapsulation. There are different methods of encapsulation depending on which protocol and topology are being used. As a result, the frame structure of these packets differs as well. 

The payload field contains the actually data. Notice that TCP has a more complex frame structure. This is largely due to the fact the TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. The extra fields are need to ensure the "guaranteed delivery" offered by TCP.